Embassy of the United States of America
Yerevan, Armenia

May 4, 2006

Embassy Yerevan Warden Message 4

The following information about avian influenza prevention measures was prepared by the Department of State's Medical Services, and may be of interest to Americans in Yerevan:

Bird Droppings

Birds infected with AI excrete the virus in their droppings, where the virus can survive for long periods, especially when temperatures are near or below freezing. Although there is minimal risk of humans becoming infected by AI from bird droppings (the majority of human cases have resulted from extensive contact with live poultry), as a precautionary measure, the following guidelines may be followed when removing bird droppings, even in regions where there have been no documented cases of AI. Bird droppings can contain infectious agents other than AI, and so these guidelines represent good practice in any case. (Note: these guidelines apply to the removal of thin coatings of droppings. Thick amounts of droppings – i.e., those that would require removal using a shovel – should be removed only by trained sanitation workers.)

• Wear gloves that are either disposable or easily cleaned (e.g., light-weight vinyl or nitrile gloves, or heavy duty dishwashing rubber gloves). Surgical masks should be worn if removal will cause the droppings to turn to airborne dust.
• Spray the droppings with water or a disinfecting solution made from three tablespoons of household bleach per gallon of water. Allow time for the bird droppings to soften.
• Remove the droppings with a disposable or washable utensil.
• If dust is observed as the droppings are disturbed, stop and wet the droppings again before continuing the clean up.
• Place the droppings, tainted debris and tools into a plastic bag and seal the bag.
• Clean re-usable utensils with water and detergent, or, preferably, a disinfectant solution as described above.
• Clean the exterior of footwear with detergent and water or the disinfectant solution.
• Rinse reusable gloves with detergent and water or disinfectant solution prior to removing them. Then place them in a clean plastic bag and wash them in water containing detergent or disinfectant.
• Contaminated disposable gloves should be placed in a sealed bag for appropriate trash disposal.
• Thoroughly wash your hands with soap and water for 15 to 20 seconds.

Dead Birds

The AI virus remains in the tissues of infected dead birds for some time. Therefore, contact with dead birds should be avoided and local veterinary or agricultural authorities should be notified to collect the bird carcass for disposal or testing. If contact with a bird carcass is unavoidable (for example, a cat brings a dead bird into the house), follow the guidance below:

• Wear gloves and, if possible, remove the carcass with a shovel or other disposable or cleanable utensil. Under no circumstances touch the bird with your bare hands.
• Place the carcass in a plastic bag and seal it. Place this bag in another bag or a cardboard box.
• If disposing of the carcass in the absence of other instructions, bury it in a location where it is unlikely to be disturbed by other animals.
• Thoroughly wash your hands with soap and water for 15 to 20 seconds.

House Cats

A few domestic cats, in addition to pigs, tigers, leopards, ferrets and stone martens (a weasel-like mammal), have been infected with AI. The cats are believed to have been infected by eating uncooked diseased birds. Although no human cases of AI have been associated with contact with AI-infected cats, the following measures are recommended if there has been a verified AI infection in birds in the region:

• Keep domestic cats inside the house to avoid exposure to potentially infected birds.
• Avoid all contact with stray cats and don't let them into your house.
• Inform local veterinary authorities if your cat is sick and has possibly been in contact with birds.
• Strictly follow normal cat care hygiene rules. When cleaning cat litter boxes, wear gloves and thoroughly wash your hands with soap and water immediately afterward.

Useful Links

For further information, consult the following websites:

http://www.avma.org/public_health/influenza/avian_faq.asp

http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/subjects/en/health/diseases-cards/avian_cats.html

http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/publications/wildlife_health_bulletins/WHB_05_03.jsp

http://www.oie.int/eng/en_index.htm

Additional country information can be obtained from the Department of State's Consular Information Sheets at http://travel.state.gov and from the Department of State's toll-free number, 1-888-407-4747. Call 202-501-4444 from overseas.

The U.S. Embassy in Yerevan is located at 1 American Avenue, Yerevan 375082 Armenia. Phone: (+374-10) 46-47-00; Fax: (+374 10) 46-47-42; Web site: http://www.usa.am.